Fig. 5

Entanglement classification for Werner states: In the plots, the radius represents the parameter p, and the angle represents ϕ. Every single dot represents a Werner state. Yellow dots represent test data that are predicted as ‘untangled’, and light blue dots represent test data predicted as ‘entangled’. Cross represent training data, and red cross for untangled states, blue for entangled states. In all three figures we used the same 400 test data, half of which are entangled and the other half are untangled. Half of the training data are entangled states and the other half are untangled states. a 32 test data are used, all are kept as sublabels. b 64 test data are used, all are kept as sublabels. c 128 test data are used, and only 64 of them are used as sublabels