Table 1 Material properties of Fe-5.4wt.%Si and simulation conditions

Diffusion coefficient in liquid

D_l

4.40 × 10⁻⁹ m²/s

(Calderon et al. 1971)

Diffusion coefficient in solid

D_s

3.44 × 10^− 11 m²/s

(Borg and Lai 1970)

Partition coefficient

k

0.79

(Cui and Jung 2017)

Anisotropic strength

ε₄

0.02

Gibbs–Thomson constant (Fe)

Γ

2.88 × 10⁻⁷ Km

(Karrasch 2016)

Liquidus slope

m

− 884 K/at.frac.

(Cui and Jung 2017)

Cooling rate

R

5 K/min

Temperature gradient

G

3 K/mm

Minimum grid spacing

Δx_min

0.75 μm

Interface width

W₀

1.25 μm

Time increment

Δt

1.826 × 10⁻⁵ s