Fig. 5
From: Thermodynamic considerations of same-metal electrodes in an asymmetric cell
Schematic of EDLCs at the electrode and electrolyte interfaces during discharge where electric dipoles coexist with the mobile cations and negatively charged vacancies in the electrolyte. The positive electrode’s incoming electrons tunnel through the quantum triangular barrier formed by the EDLC that equalizes its electrochemical potential of the electrolyte with the electrochemical potential of the positive electrode; each tunneling electron reduces a Li+ into Li0. The dipoles help to keep the ions confined at the interfaces