Fig. 6

Electrochemical potentials and phase diagram for the Li-Si system (Liang et al. 2017) (adapted with permission of the copyright holder); a electrochemical potential vs. Li-liquid at 688 K. The schematic photomicrographs were added to highlight the step- variation of the electrochemical potential of Li₇Si₃ depending if Li₇Si₃ is in equilibrium with Li₁₂Si₇ or Li₁₃Si₄; \( {\overline{\mu}}_{phase}-{\overline{\mu}}_{Li}^{0, liq}=0\Rightarrow {\mu}_{phase}-{\mu}_{Li}^{0, liq}=- zF\Delta V,\Delta V=\mathrm{E}\left(\mathrm{vs}.\mathrm{Li}-\mathrm{liquid}\right)\left[ mV\right]; \)b assessed phase diagram using the CALPHAD method; c electrochemical potential vs. Li-bcc (solid) at 298 K. \( {\overline{\mu}}_{phase}-{\overline{\mu}}_{Li}^{0, bcc}=0\Rightarrow {\mu}_{phase}-{\mu}_{Li}^{0, bcc}=- zF\Delta V,\Delta V=\mathrm{E}\left(\mathrm{vs}.\mathrm{Li}-\mathrm{bcc}\right)\left[ mV\right] \). phase ∈ {LiSi, Li₁₂Si₇, Li₇Si₃, Li₁₃Si₄, Li₁₇Si₄}